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China

Biotechnology to China

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Derek XuThis industry-country profile has been compiled by Derek Xu, Business Development Manager, Austrade Shanghai.

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(Last updated: 03 Apr 2008)

Trends and opportunities

The market

The Chinese Government has targeted biotechnology as a priority, along with information and communications technology. Incentives, development programs, education and training, research and development, and the commercialisation of new products, technologies and services are being actively encouraged by the government.


Pharmaceuticals is one of the fastest growing industries of biotechnology in China. In the current China pharmaceutical market, 'me too' products represent 90 per cent of total market. Chinese relatively low R&D investment means China has very few of its own patented drugs on the world market. This situation has been a major concern of the Chinese Government resulting in the concerted effort to make biotechnology a key driver in healthcare and the drug industry in future years.

In 2006, the domestic pharmaceutical industry grew rapidly and annual production reached around A$88 billion, at 18 per cent growth. Biological products increased 21.7 per cent totalling A$6.6 billion, and medical devices increased 27 per cent totalling A$7.1 billion. Biotechnology application in agriculture has progressively increased, with a focus in areas such as rice and cotton.


With China’s rapid economic development, per capita incomes continue to increase, particularly in major urban centres. Better healthcare products and services are an increasing focus for wealthy citizens. Biotechnology is therefore expected to continue to grow at over 10 per cent per year for the next five to 10 years. At the same time, biotech resources and manpower are being consolidated into major centres such as Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Changchun, and Shijiazhuang. 


The government’s strategic plan focuses on the following priority biotechnology areas:

  • Investigating and developing genomic drugs and vaccines for disease prevention and cure (particularly in cancer, hepatitis, and AIDS).
  • Utilising bio (genomic) technology in developing high-grade propagation species to speed up China’s agriculture modernisation.
  • Tracing and following up global modern biotechnology growth.
  • Investigating and developing China’s protein technology and plant genome technology.
  • Encouraging the transfer of intellectual property and purchasing to speed up industrialisation and commercialisation of biotechnology products.

One of the government’s strategies in developing biotechnology has been to establish biotechnology parks.


Biotechnology companies benefit from these hi-tech parks in a number of ways:

  • Tax/government incentives
  • Bonded facilities 
  • Efficient government services 
  • Logistics support 
  • Warehouse facilities

The parks are also incubators for small and medium size biotechnology companies. The best known parks include: Shanghai Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Suzhou New Territory Park, and Wuxi Life Science Park.

Opportunities

The Chinese Government will focus on the following areas (biopharmaceutical segment), in the coming years:

  • Anti-bacterial drug production technology improvement.
  • New vaccine and enzyme reagents investigation, particularly for HBV, HCV, and AIDS. 
  • Developing active protein and polypeptidase for drugs, mainly on interferon, human hormones. 
  • New drug target research and development, mainly on tumour therapeutics. 
  • Analysing, extracting and fermentation technology improvement on traditional Chinese medicine active components. 
  • Microbiology, enzyme technology applied in amino acid industry engineering.

Other than the pharmaceutical industry, there are also opportunities for foreign investment, strategic partnerships and relationships in the following areas:

  • Medical devices
  • Functional foods 
  • Biotechnology for agriculture 
  • Food safety and food manufacturing 
  • Veterinary and farming 
  • Environmental protection
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Tariffs, regulations and customs

The accession of China to the World Trade Organisation has resulted in a reduction of tariffs. However, duties are still imposed on the majority of imports into China.


In China, biotechnology products can be categorised into pharmaceutical, agriculture, medical devices, and food. Each segment has different tariff rates:

  • Pharmaceutical (code 3001-3004): 3-6 per cent
  • Medical consumables (code 3005-3006): 5 per cent
  • Medical devices (code 9018-9022): 4-8 per cent

Value added tax is typically applied to most imports at the rate of 17 per cent. 

Exporters are advised to contact Austrade in order to obtain the most up-to-date information on the relevant sector tariffs and value added tax.


Regulations also differ depending on the product category. For foreign companies seeking to enter China, the full process of registering, clinical trials, testing and approval is very complicated and may take from three months to two years.


The related government bodies include:

  • State Drug Administration
  • Ministry of Public Health
  • Ministry of Agriculture
  • National Science and Technology Commission
  • Inspection and Quarantine Administration

Given the complexity of the approval process most foreign companies need to identify an appropriate local partner to assist in this process. This company may also be able to act as your potential China agent or distributor. It is also common to use a consultant company to handle it for you. Austrade can provide details on the regulatory process that applies.

 

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Marketing your products and services

Market entry

To successfully launch your products/services in China it is important to:

  • Select the correct distribution channel
  • Have correct positioning/pricing
  • Have effective market promotion

Most biotechnology products can be categorised into 'Pharmaceutical', and 'Health and medical'. The market potential for these two segments is considerable with rapid growth predicted for the next five years. However, the overall healthcare market has become more competitive due to increasing imports and improving quality of domestic products.


Correctly positioning your products and setting a competitive pricing strategy is critical for success. For prescription drugs, convincing the relevant government authorities to include your products on the 'Reimbursement List' will be of considerable benefit otherwise your products will not be covered by insurance and the social security system.


Building relationships with doctors and holding frequent seminars in hospitals and clinics are also important. For over-the-counter products, one of the most competitive market segments in China, an effective market communication strategy is essential, such as advertising, road shows, media, and training.


Another option is to market your products at tradeshows/events, such as Analytica China and Sino-Med.


Demand for biotechnology products in the non-medical segment, ie. agriculture, environment protection and food industry is also growing rapidly. Advanced technology, effectiveness of products, adaptability of products and services, and safety are key success factors in this segment.


Price sensitivity is not as dominant as for the drug market. One strategy often used by foreign companies with leading technology products is the use of educational programs and training for key influencers in the market.

Distribution channels

There is no specific distribution channel for biotech products in China. The channels for pharmaceutical, medical devices, functional foods are similar to other finished goods. There are three types of companies involved in the biotechnology market:

  • State-owned distributors
  • Privately owned distributors
  • Foreign invested distributors (including joint venture)

Many years ago, state-owned companies played the major role in the healthcare distribution network (pharmaceutical, medical, home care). Today, multi-ownership or privately owned companies are growing rapidly and increasingly playing a very important role in this market. However, state-owned companies still dominate in many areas particularly the drug market.


State-owned companies have several strengths:

  • Government support and networks
  • Generally solid financial position
  • Strong relationships with relevant government authorities to ease the regulatory process
  • Strong sub-dealer network
  • Monopoly positions in some market areas, eg. pharmaceutical

At times they also exhibit less strong management, low efficiency, high labour and operational costs, limited customer focus and service support, and limited flexibility to market changes.


The number of privately owned companies in China is growing rapidly. These companies will increase in importance in the future.

The strengths of privately owned companies include:

  • Aggressive thinking and action
  • Flexible business strategy; good service provision
  • Better relationship with customers
  • Low operational cost and high efficiency
  • Better control in designated territory
  • Loyal to the supplier

However, privately owned companies are often:

  • Small to medium size companies
  • Less financially secure
  • A higher risk in receiving payment
  • Limited second-tier dealers, having restricted market coverage
  • High turnover rate of their sales team

Presently the number of foreign invested distributors (including joint venture) is small due to government restrictions. However, this number is growing steadily as the sector becomes more open. These companies generally are well funded, with experience in business management and advanced supply chain management.


Strengths:

  • Understand international conventions, easily accepted by foreign companies 
  • Professional business management; strong supply chain management 
  • Sound financial condition 
  • High credibility

However, at times they also exhibit a lack of knowledge of the local market and high operational costs resulting in higher margins.


Australian companies need to think thoroughly about potential distributors’ advantages and disadvantages to identify and select the correct local partner for their future business growth in China.

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Links and industry contacts

Biotechnology–related resources

AnalyticaChina – www.analytica-world.com/id/22509/cubesig/d7efcb6a424a1d54f4a5ec77ee962071
China market information by MOFTEC – www.chinamarket.com.cn
Sinofile.net – www.sinofile.net

Government, business and trade resources for China

Ministry of Commerce – http://english.mofcom.gov.cn
Ministry of Public Health – www.moh.gov.cn (Chinese)
Ministry of Science and Technology – www.most.gov.cn/eng
State Food and Drug Administration – www.sfda.gov.cn/eng

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Contact details

The Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is the Australian Government’s trade and investment development agency, operating as a statutory agency within the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio.

Austrade assists Australian businesses contribute to national prosperity by succeeding in trade and investment, internationally, and promoting and supporting productive foreign investment into Australia.

Austrade:

  • Delivers services that assist Australian businesses initiate, sustain and grow trade and outward investment.
  • Promotes Australia as an inward investment destination and, with the States and Territories, supports the inflow of productive foreign direct investment.
  • Administers the Export Market Development Grants scheme.
  • Undertakes initiatives designed to improve community awareness of, and commitment to, international trade and investment.
  • Provides advice to the Australian Government on its trade and investment development activities.
  • Delivers consular, passport and other government services in designated overseas locations.

A list of Austrade offices (in alphabetical order of country) is available.

More information

For further information please contact Austrade on 13 28 78 or email info@austrade.gov.au

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