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Netherlands

Food and beverage to the Netherlands

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(Last updated: 16 Jul 2007)

Trends and opportunities

The market

The Netherlands has a sophisticated retail environment, with a good range of national, regional and independent supermarkets as well as a healthy speciality store (eg. butchers, fishmongers, greengrocers) sector. As in other European countries, Dutch consumers are becoming more interested in new foods and traditional eating patterns are changing. Convenience, novelty, value and quality are all important.


Food production accounts for 18 per cent of the Dutch GDP and an additional 12 per cent is attributable to agriculture. Seventy-five per cent of Dutch food production is exported, the vast majority goes to other European Union countries.


There are around 375,000 hotels, restaurants, bars and catering outlets in the Netherlands. These have a combined turnover of $10 billion. The opportunities for Australian suppliers are mainly with the high-end restaurants and hotels.


Breakdown of retail sales (source 'Central Bureau for Statistics'):

  • groceries – $13 billion
  • meat – $7 billion
  • fruit and vegetables – $5 billion
  • milk, cream, yoghurt – $4 billion
  • bakery – $3 billion
  • cheese – $2 billion
  • seafood – $0.9 billion
  • ready-made meals – $0.5 billion

Private label penetration in the Netherlands is around 20 per cent - lower than the UK, Belgium, Germany and France. Around half of the sales of milk, eggs, ready-made meals, biscuits and small goods are under private labels.

 

The major changes affecting the opportunities in the Netherlands are socio-economic. However, a significant political factor was the restructuring of the Dutch tax system in 2001, which has given consumers more spending confidence. Some important drivers include:

  • Increase in women in the workforce
  • Greater interest in food safety – concerns about GMOs, BSE
  • Interest in organic foods and natural products
  • Increase in snacking and eating on the move
  • Fewer families eating meals together and more meals eaten outside the home 
  • Increase in sales of pre-cooked (ready to use) meals for one person
  • Greater use of packaging and branding on even basic products
  • Greater influence of children in the food buying process
  • Increased sales through supermarkets
  • Consolidation in food retailing and distribution

Opportunities

Opportunity areas include:

  • Food retail – fruit, nuts, wine, packaged groceries, Australian native products, Australian-style products, seafood, organic products
  • Food service – premium meats, seafood, Australian native ingredients, exotic fruits
  • Ship and air catering – meat, fruit and vegetables, seafood, bulk catering supplies, drinks, ready-made meals, portion control packs
  • Food processing – bulk ingredients, flavourings, native ingredients, manufacturing under license

Competitive environment

As in other European markets, food retailing in the Netherlands is dominated by a small number of large supermarkets. Dutch supermarkets include:

Competition for Australian exporters will be fierce due to the Netherlands being a major food producer, its substantial import-export trade in foods, and is surrounded by European Union countries. The tariff barriers, and transport costs from Australia are also high. However, with careful investigation and product placement, the Netherlands can be a valuable export market.

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Tariffs, regulations and customs

Generally there is no Value Added Tax (BTW in Dutch) on food, but some ingredients and snacks and all alcoholic drinks will attract BTW at 19 per cent. The VAT system in the Netherlands is different from other countries, with VAT deducted from the periodical VAT return, rather than at time of import.


The way products are packaged, sold and or produced, whether they are fresh, frozen or chilled will dictate the tariff(s) that apply. The Netherlands is part of the harmonised trade system of the EU and Common Customs Tariff (CCT) is applicable to goods from non-EU countries, including Australia.  Most duties are ad valorem (per cent), based on the GATT Valuation Code (approximate cost, insurance and freight value).


Food imports are highly regulated for hygiene and quality reasons and it is worth getting confirmation from the authorities before shipping.


Agricultural products are protected by quota, managed by a licensing system. Import of specified products without a quota license is prohibited. Products include:

  • cereals
  • rice
  • beef and veal
  • sugar
  • isoglucose
  • oils and fats
  • seeds
  • milk and milk products
  • wine
  • processed fruit and vegetables
  • sheep meat
  • buffalo meat
  • goat meat

Food products of animal origin, including fish and honey, must be produced in a European Union (EU) approved establishment. The Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) will carry out the inspection and approval process on behalf of the EU. The establishment number must be quoted on the health certificate. Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA) can provide advice to meat exporters.


A health certificate must accompany food products from Australia and some foods will require an import license. Get your importer to check with the Dutch Ministry of Health. Most food products will also require an export certificate issued by AQIS before leaving Australia.


Once the product arrives in the Netherlands, it can take a long time to clear through customs and the Border Inspection Post (BIP). The BIPs health check all animals and food products entering Europe. Check with your freight forwarder that the BIP will be ready to receive your goods when they arrive. Most BIPs won’t clear goods in the evening or at weekends without additional payment. A good freight forwarder or customs clearance agent will ensure that your products are treated correctly and clear through quickly.


There is EU and Dutch legislation covering almost every aspect of food production and sale. Careful investigation is required before offering any product for sale. Much of this legislation is based on due diligence, putting the onus for compliance on the manufacturer or producer. Legislation covers:

  • Ingredients
  • Label design and content
  • Jar or pack size
  • Additives
  • Need for a Dutch or EU address
  • Product descriptions and names
  • Products of animal origin
  • Packaging materials
  • Claims made for the product

Before shipping any goods to Europe, you should obtain a written customs duty ruling from the Dutch customs service. These rulings are called Binding Tariff Information (BTI). Getting a BTI is free and will prevent any conflict over customs or excise duty. There are many bonded warehouses in the Netherlands, where goods can be kept without paying import duties. Only when the goods are released are duties levied.

Industry standards

Food safety is an important issue for Dutch consumers and the area is well regulated. In the Netherlands, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Health share responsibility for food safety. A national food inspection agency is planned.


Standards required in the Netherlands vary from self-regulatory to legally enforceable. These include:

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Marketing your products and services

Market entry

Retail purchasing in the Netherlands is quite centralised, with buying groups selling to their supermarket of wholesale members. Many of these members retain some purchasing autonomy, but the buying groups are very powerful. Buying groups include Superunie, Trade Service Nederland (TSN) and Koop-Consult.


Unlike some markets, Dutch retailers do not have a system of listing fees. However, they will expect you to help them promote your products, which will include spending money on marketing activities.


Retailers buy both fresh and grocery products from specialist distribution companies, rather than direct from the producer. In order to save costs and streamline ordering, stores have been reducing the numbers of favoured suppliers. This further restricts distribution opportunities for smaller companies. Category management, rather than ‘buying’ is the norm with the large retailers and buying groups.


Some options for entering the the Netherlands food and beverage market include:

  • Appointing a distribution partner to handle importing and customer liaison
  • Managing the customer base from Australia and find a fulfilment company to warehouse and ship to the customers
  • Setting up an office in the Netherlands or another European Union (EU) country
  • Sending one of your staff to Europe as a representative
  • Sharing distribution with another Australian company – preferably with a synergistic product range
  • Having your product manufactured in Europe, under licence

Of these options, the most effective is probably appointing a distribution partner. A Dutch company will understand how to best present your products, comment on changes to your packaging and will understand how to place the product in the market. These skills take time to acquire and demand exposure long-term to the market.


Dutch based companies expect to have long-term relationships with their suppliers, working together to achieve sales targets. This means that Australian exporters should consider the Netherlands as a long-term strategic market.


It is possible to identify partners with access to different sectors of the market, eg. retail, restaurants or ship supply. Companies are likely to be specialised in these sectors, and so you will need to appoint more than one partner to access the different opportunity areas.


The Netherlands is an important trading hub for Europe, and partnering with a Dutch company can be of strategic value to Australian food companies. Some market entry strategies include:

  • Manufacturing under license in the Netherlands for distribution into the EU
  • Packing or part processing in the Netherlands to reduce import duty and transport costs
  • Using a bonded warehouse to call-off orders without incurring duty during storage
  • Working with a Dutch trader to supply Eastern Europe and Russia with commodities
  • Working with a Dutch distributor to supply retailers in Germany, France and UK

Dutch stores try very hard to make the shopping experience enjoyable, and will look for products that help them attract and retain customers. If you can offer an innovative range, or help them plan a promotion, they will be more receptive to your products. 


There is a high level of awareness of Australia as an attractive destination, and some companies such as the supermarket Albert Heijn and airline KLM have run Australian-themed promotions recently. The rising profile of Australian wine is advantageous for gourmet food producers, especially if a joint promotion is possible.


Dutch consumers are interested in:

  • Quality – appearance, taste, provenance
  • Novelty – unique, innovative
  • Time and labour saving – pre-prepared, ready-to-cook
  • Value

Dutch consumers are very discerning when it comes to packaging and presentation of the product. It is best to work with a local specialist to develop packaging or branding suitable for the market. Your distributor should be able to help. The wrong packaging or marketing will mean that the product won’t get listed with any larger stores, and that sales are likely to be restricted.


Think carefully about your target consumer before presenting your products in the Netherlands. Don’t assume that your Dutch consumer will have the same characteristics or habits as your Australian consumers.


Because category management is common in Dutch supermarkets and buying groups, it is important to consider the following:

  • What is the value to the retailer of listing your product
  • How your product ‘fits’ in the current product offering
  • Who the target consumers are
  • Projected level of sales
  • What the retail price will be
  • What margins the retailer and distributor expect
  • How you are going to promote the product?
  • Are you willing to change the product ingredients or packaging to suit the retailer?
  • Is an exclusivity deal appropriate?
  • Are you ready to provide product samples?

You will need to tailor your presentation to each retailer in order to be successful. Visit as many stores as possible to build up a picture of the retailers consumer base and consider how your product fits their needs and aspirations.


Research the market and your potential competitors thoroughly before making contact with customers. Take advice from your distributor.


Dutch companies prefer to have brochures and product samples, rather than relying on websites for information. However, the use of Internet and email is high, and customers will use these.


The active food eMarkets are based in USA, UK or elsewhere in Europe, but Dutch companies are undoubtedly involved. Dutch retailers such as Albert Heijn offer online ordering for home delivery, something that is becoming increasingly popular. Many Dutch companies use the Internet for advertising and promotions.


You will need to check the paperwork accompanying your shipment carefully. A good freight forwarder or distributor can provide advice. Information usually required include:

  • Health certificate (if appropriate)
  • Export certificate
  • Quota license (if appropriate)
  • Correct commercial invoice (2 copies)

Distribution channels

Most retailers won’t buy direct from overseas suppliers, and so you will need to appoint an importer/distributor. There is a huge range of companies involved in importing food products from around the world, many specialising in specific products or customers.


Shipping small volumes of product can be very expensive, so consider working with other Australian food exporters to consolidate the shipments. You may find that working with other companies gives you an advantage with the retailers, as your distributor will be able to offer them a complimentary range of products.


Most grocery distributors will be working on a 20–30 per cent margin, and the retailer will be looking for 40–60 per cent. The level of margin will depend upon the unit value of the product, projected sales volumes and the product category.

Transport

The country is one of the smallest in Europe with excellent national and international transport links. The port of Rotterdam is one of the leading entry ports for Europe, supplying the UK, Germany and France. Around Rotterdam there are many companies with specialised storage, distribution and processing facilities.


The Netherlands is an important hub for ship and air transport, providing an opportunity to supply foods for consumption onboard. These providore products are exempt from import duties.


Sea freight to the Netherlands takes six weeks, airfreight takes two days. Sea freight is cheaper, but market conditions can change while your goods are on the water, leaving you with in a low profit situation.


Airfreight is the only option for perishable products. Pick a good freight forwarder and be prepared to pay a few dollars more for a worry-free service. It will pay to check out a number of service providers.

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Links and industry contacts

Food and beverage-related resources

Agri Holland - www.agriholland.nl
Animal Feeds Product Board - www.pdv.nl
Distilled Drinks Product Board - www.pgd.nl
Dutch Fish Product Board - www.pvis.nl/engels/tekst.html
Product Boards for Livestock, Meat and Eggs - www.pve.nl
Produce and Flowers Product Board - www.tuinbouw.nl (in Dutch only)
Zibb.nl/food - www.zibb.nl/food (in Dutch only)

Supermarkets

Albert Heijn - www.albertheijn.nl
C1000 - www.c1000.nl/Nederland/index.html
Edah - www.edah.nl
Konmar - www.konmar.nl

Government, business and trade resources for the Netherlands

Australian Business in Europe for the Netherlands (ABIE) - www.abie.nl
Central Chamber of Commerce - www.kvk.nl/home/homeUK.asp
Dutch Customs Service - www.belastingdienst.nl/english
European Union Customs - http://europa.eu.int/comm/taxation_customs/customs/customs.htm
European Union portal - http://europa.eu.int/index-en.htm
Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality - www.minlnv.nl/international
Holland International Distribution Council - www.hidc.nl
The Netherlands Bureau of Statistics - www.cbs.nl/en-GB/default.htm?languageswitch=on
Netherlands Exports - www.export.nl
Netherlands Foreign Investment Agency - www.nfia.nl

Service providers

Benair Freight Management - www.benair.co.uk

Australian resources

The Netherlands Chamber of Commerce Australia (Inc.) - www.ncca.com.au

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Contact details

The Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is the Australian Government’s trade and investment development agency, operating as a statutory agency within the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio.

Austrade assists Australian businesses contribute to national prosperity by succeeding in trade and investment, internationally, and promoting and supporting productive foreign investment into Australia.

Austrade:

  • Delivers services that assist Australian businesses initiate, sustain and grow trade and outward investment.
  • Promotes Australia as an inward investment destination and, with the States and Territories, supports the inflow of productive foreign direct investment.
  • Administers the Export Market Development Grants scheme.
  • Undertakes initiatives designed to improve community awareness of, and commitment to, international trade and investment.
  • Provides advice to the Australian Government on its trade and investment development activities.
  • Delivers consular, passport and other government services in designated overseas locations.

A list of Austrade offices (in alphabetical order of country) is available.

More information

For further information please contact Austrade on 13 28 78 or email info@austrade.gov.au

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