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Natural healthcare to the United Kingdom

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(Last updated: 19 Jul 2007)

Trends and opportunities

The market

The United Kingdom's natural health and wellbeing sector is difficult to define, because it can encompass everything from organic food to homeopathic medicines. This profile will consider food supplements, natural medicines and external products, such as skincare.


This sector also includes 'over-the-counter' products available without prescription. These products are intended to maintain health, rather than treat illnesses. All products for treating illnesses or medical conditions are classified as medicines or medical devices and are highly regulated.


The one element these diverse product groupings have in common is real and potential growth in sales. Around 20 per cent of the UK population currently use these products, but this proportion is likely to grow.


Food supplements include any products that can be consumed, and for which no health claims will be made:

  • vitamins and minerals
  • herbals
  • sports foods and supplements
  • slimming aids
  • diabetic foods

Opportunities

Most opportunities will be niche, targeting specific user-groups. The growth areas in the UK natural health and wellbeing sector are:

  • Food supplements – combined vitamin and mineral combinations for specific user-groups, dietary aids
  • Natural medicines – herbal preparations, homeopathic medicines
  • External preparations – natural beauty, aromatherapy products
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Tariffs, regulations and customs

The way products are packaged, sold and/or produced will dictate the tariff(s) that apply. The UK is part of the harmonised trade system of the European Union (EU). Common Customs Tariff (CCT) is applicable to goods from non-EU countries, including Australia. Most duties are ad valorem, based on the GATT Valuation Code (approximate CIF value).


Before shipping any goods to Europe, you should obtain a written customs duty ruling from the UK customs service. These rulings are called Binding Tariff Information (BTI). Getting a BTI is free and will prevent any conflict over customs or excise duty.


Generally there is no value-added tax (VAT) on food, but most supplements will attract VAT, as will most other natural preparations. The standard VAT rate is 17.5 per cent.


The regulatory environment for natural health products in the UK is currently a mixture of legislation and self-regulation. The peak bodies write most of the industry's self-regulation. Expert advice should be sought at an early stage. Associations that can provide advice include:

The EU has been looking at regulating natural healthcare products from a consumer protection viewpoint.  Two directives have become legislation in all EU countries:

  1. Food Supplements Directive - July 2003
  2. Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive - 2005

Advice on these directives is available from the EU websites for food safety and public health.


Products that are defined as food supplements are categorised as follows:

  • Herbal medicines classified as exempt from licensing by the Medicines Control Agency (MCA)
  • Any preparation with vitamins
  • Dietary aids
  • Health products for which no beneficial claims are made

Food supplement are subject to EU and UK legislation, which covers almost every aspect of food production and sale. Careful investigation is required before offering any product for sale. Legislation covers:

  • ingredients
  • label design and content
  • jar or pack size
  • additives
  • the need for a UK or EU address
  • product descriptions and names
  • products of animal origin
  • packaging materials
  • health claims

Much of this legislation is based on due diligence, putting the onus for compliance on the manufacturer or producer. The Health Food Manufacturers Association has a labelling department which can provide consultative advice.


The legislation and regulation around natural medicines and remedies is fragmented although the EU has established the Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive, which should standardise and simplify regulations for European-style herbal medicines.


The licensing status of natural medicines depends upon the natural ingredients. Some herbs must be licensed under the Medicines Act while others are exempt. Any product for which a health claim is made must be licensed as a medicine. The MCA makes case-by-case decisions on whether products should be licensed.  It is best to discuss the specific product direct with the MCA Borderline Section on (44 020) 7273 0602.


If you wish to make a health claim, or your product must be licensed as a medicine, then the MCA recommends that you appoint a regulatory consultant to help. The licensing procedures are very onerous and vary between EU member states. Your product will need to comply with herbal and regular medicines laws. You can find a consultant by talking to the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, who will recommend suitably qualified and experienced members.


External preparations that are not classified as medicines are usually regulated under the Cosmetics Products Safety Regulations, which is the UK interpretation of EU law. The regulations include:

  • label design and content
  • need for a UK or EU address
  • product function and list of ingredients
  • durability guide
  • precautions for use
  • alcohol content
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Marketing your products and services

Market entry

Suppliers of natural health products in the UK have a variety of channels:

  • Traditional retailers
  • Mail order sellers and e-tailers
  • Clinics and to health care professionals
  • Direct sales to consumers - this requires a high level of logistical support

UK retailers rarely buy direct from overseas companies. Category management is common, and buyers reduce sales costs by limiting the number of suppliers. Market entry strategies include:

  • Appointing a distribution partner to handle importing and customer liaison
  • Managing the customer base from Australia and find a fulfilment company to warehouse and ship to the customers
  • Setting up a UK office
  • Sending one of your staff to the UK as a representative
  • Sharing distribution with another Australian company – preferably with a synergistic product range
  • Manufacturing your products in the UK under contract or license
  • Undertaking a joint venture with a UK company

Of these options, the most effective is probably appointing a distribution partner. A UK company will understand how to best present your products, comment on changes to your packaging and will understand how to place the product in the market. These skills take time to acquire and demand exposure long-term to the market.


UK based companies expect to have long-term relationships with their suppliers, working together to achieve sales targets. This means that Australian exporters should consider the UK as a long-term strategic destination.


Smaller distribution partners often specialise in a particular product sector and may service customers on a regional basis or may supply only certain types of retailer. This means that an Australian exporter may require more than one UK distribution partner in order to access the entire market.


It should be noted that the number of experienced distributors is limited, and it is important to check for conflicts of interest. You may need to work with a smaller or less experienced company as a long-term project and build sales gradually.


UK consumers are very discerning when it comes to packaging and presentation of the product. It is best to work with a UK-based specialist to develop packaging or branding suitable for the market. Your distributor should be able to help. The wrong packaging or marketing will mean that the product won’t get listed with any larger stores, and that sales are likely to be restricted. Don’t assume that your British consumer will have the same characteristics or habits as your Australian consumers.


When presenting your product to a UK retailer, either direct or via your UK distributor, you will need to consider the following:

  • What is the value to the retailer of listing your product
  • How your product ‘fits’ in the current product offering
  • Who the target consumers are
  • Projected level of sales
  • What the retail price will be
  • What margins the retailer and distributor expect
  • How you are going to promote the product?
  • Are you willing to change the product ingredients or packaging to suit the retailer?
  • Is an exclusivity deal appropriate?
  • Are you ready to provide product samples?

You will need to tailor your presentation to each retailer in order to be successful. Visit as many stores as possible to build up a picture of the retailer’s consumer base and consider how your product fits their needs and aspirations.


Research the sector and your potential competitors thoroughly before making contact with customers. Take advice from your UK distributor.


British companies prefer to have brochures and product samples, rather than relying on websites for information. Use of the Internet is widespread, but a physical brochure or sample in the buyer’s hand tends to make a faster impact. Brochures don’t need to be expensive, but they should:

  • Accurately project the values of your company
  • Include technical information
  • Give full details of all products in the range
  • Mention the benefits of the product to the retailer – perhaps including a case study of an Australian retailer

Don’t talk about the curative properties of your products, as this means the brochures can’t be used as sales material under UK law.


Pricing information should be provided separately to keep the brochure up-to-date. It should also be in UK pounds where possible, or at least in Australian dollars with reference to a current exchange rate.


There are many business-to-consumer e-tailers and information sites active in the UK health sector. These include:

Business-to-business e-commerce activities are less well developed in the UK. If you do offer your products for sale to the UK and Europe over the Internet, you will still need to comply with British and European laws. 

Distribution channels

An approximate percentage share of the natural health sector is as follows:

  • Pharmacies – 60 per cent (declining)
  • Supermarkets – 19 per cent (increasing)
  • Health food and specialist stores – 19 per cent (steady)
  • Direct selling – 2 per cent (increasing)

Pharmacies

Leading pharmacies include: Boots (claims 30 per cent of the entire UK natural health sector), Lloyds and Superdrug. Pharmacies, or chemists, sell a wide range of prescription, over the counter medicines and natural remedies. They also stock an increasing range of consumer-type cosmetic and toiletry products, many with a natural or organic element. Some pharmacies have a pharmacist trained in homoeopathic medicine on site to offer advice.

Supermarkets

As in Australia, almost every aspect of day-to-day shopping is dominated by the ‘top multiple’ supermarkets. The UK’s leading supermarket retailers are: Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury's and Morrisons.


Most of the stores have at least a couple of aisles of healthcare products, and many have a full-scale pharmacy in-store. The big retailers prefer health and bodycare products because the margins are greater than on foods, and the products are usually easier to store.


Almost all retailers will want to buy from one of their known suppliers, or from a company based in the UK. Some direct selling companies will buy direct in order to keep costs down, but almost all of the other companies will want someone to handle the import issues for them. This means you will need to have a UK distributor, or some form of representation in the UK.

Health food and specialty stores

Leading health food and speciality stores include: Holland and Barrett, Julian Graves, Whole Foods Market and Planet Organic. The number of health food stores is declining as supermarkets offer an ever-widening range of natural foods and remedies. Holland and Barrett remains the largest company in this sector, the other players being small chains or with a regional focus. A recent trend is the emergence of specialist organic retailers, many of whom stock more than foods.

Direct selling

Direct selling by mail order is a popular and relatively cheap sales method for health products. All mainstream magazines and newspapers have advertisements for bulk purchase herbal supplements. Many of these companies also have e-commerce sites on the Internet.


If you set up your own direct selling operation in the UK, you will need to be aware of consumer protection legislation. It is worth becoming a member of associations such as the Direct Selling Association, which provides a code of practice for members.

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Links and industry contacts

Natural healthcare–related resources

Acupuncture Society - www.acupuncturesociety.org.uk
Aromatherapy and Allied Practitioners Association - http://aromatherapyuk.net
Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry - www.abpi.org.uk
British Acupuncture Council - www.acupuncture.org.uk
British Association of Homeopathic Veterinary Surgeons - www.bahvs.com
British Chiropractic Association - www.chiropractic-uk.co.uk
British Complementary Medicines Association - www.bcma.co.uk
British Herbal Medicine Association - www.ex.ac.uk/phytonet/bhma.html
British Homoeopathic Association - www.trusthomeopathy.org
European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy – www.escop.com
General Council and Register of Naturopaths - www.naturopathy.org.uk
Health Centre Online – www.healthcentre.org.uk/hc
Health Food Manufacturers Association - www.hfma.co.uk
Health Source - www.healthsourceuk.com

Government, business and trade resources for the United Kingdom

British Standards Institute - www.bsi-global.com
Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (previously MAFF) - www.defra.gov.uk
Department of Health - www.doh.gov.uk
European Union Customs - http://europa.eu.int/comm/taxation_customs/customs/index_en.htm
European Union Portal - http://europa.eu.int/index-en.htm
Food Standards Agency - www.foodstandards.gov.uk
HM Customs & Excise - www.hmrc.gov.uk/home.htm
Medicines Control Agency - www.mca.gov.uk
National Health Service - www.nhs.uk
Trading Standards - www.tradingstandards.gov.uk
UK Government Portal - www.ukonline.gov.uk
UK Statistics - www.statistics.gov.uk
UK Trade and Investment - www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk

Service providers

Benair Freight Management - www.benair.co.uk

Media

Health News - www.health-news.co.uk
Dot Pharmacy - www.dotpharmacy.co.uk
Patient UK - www.patient.co.uk/misc-news.htm
Department of Health Newsdesk - www.doh.gov.uk/newsdesk

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Contact details

The Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is the Australian Government’s trade and investment development agency, operating as a statutory agency within the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio.

Austrade assists Australian businesses contribute to national prosperity by succeeding in trade and investment, internationally, and promoting and supporting productive foreign investment into Australia.

Austrade:

  • Delivers services that assist Australian businesses initiate, sustain and grow trade and outward investment.
  • Promotes Australia as an inward investment destination and, with the States and Territories, supports the inflow of productive foreign direct investment.
  • Administers the Export Market Development Grants scheme.
  • Undertakes initiatives designed to improve community awareness of, and commitment to, international trade and investment.
  • Provides advice to the Australian Government on its trade and investment development activities.
  • Delivers consular, passport and other government services in designated overseas locations.

A list of Austrade offices (in alphabetical order of country) is available.

More information

For further information please contact Austrade on 13 28 78 or email info@austrade.gov.au

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