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Organic food to the United Kingdom

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(Last updated: 17 Jul 2007)

Trends and opportunities

The market

One-third of Britons claim to eat organic and health foods, and this crosses all ages and regions. One of the fastest growing organic sectors is in processed foods. Consumers want the same level of convenience with organic foods as they have with non-organics. A huge range of organic foods are now available, mirroring the non-organic offerings. These come from both small, specialist producers and multi-national food companies, although the multi-nationals are often the supermarkets' preferred suppliers.


The major change affecting the sale of organic foods has been the commoditisation of organics. While it is still possible to command a premium for organic foods, most supermarkets are trying to reduce the price differential in order to push up volumes. Supermarkets are the single largest channel for organic foods, and so this affects all suppliers.


Now that the range of organic foods is so wide, and major manufacturers are involved in their production, the category is subject to the same management techniques and pressures as other supermarket categories. Producers are more professional, marketing more sophisticated and consumers better educated. There is no room for the 'kitchen-table company' mentality, however well it fits with the organic ethos.

Meat

Organic meat only holds a small share of the total organic market. The BSE crisis caused a drop in the consumption of red meat and processed meat products. There has been a definite move away from the cheapest cuts of meats and processed products and a general trend away from red meat to fish and white meat, which are considered to be healthier.

Fruit and vegetables

Many European growers started converting to organics three to four years ago, and so there is now a high level of competition for temperate organic fruits and vegetables. Exotic and tropical produce have to be imported, and while this creates an opportunity for Australian suppliers, sales are small and slow-growing. There is also a discussion about the 'food miles' involved in organics, and whether it is ethical to transport organic foods over long distances.

Milk

There is an over-supply of organic milk in the UK, as farmers have converted in the hope of achieving more income from bulk milk sales. This means that there is a wide range of organic yoghurts, ice-creams, cheeses and other dairy products available from local suppliers.

Baby food

The importance of baby food in the UK organics sector is interesting, and suggests scope for more child-related organic products. The pressure on parents to provide the best for their children is strong, and there are concerns about the health and behavioural affects of some food additives. Sainsbury's launched the 'Blue Parrot Cafe' range of healthy food (non-organic) aimed specifically at children.

Beverages

The organic drinks market is one of the fastest growing sectors, and has considerable potential for growth. Organic teas and coffees have been widely available for some time, but organic alcoholic drinks are seen are a growth area. Organic wines (table and premium), spirits, ciders and beers are all now available in supermarkets and off-licences (bottle shops), but the offering is still fairly limited, probably due to the difficulty of producing products that meet organic standards.

Opportunities

Opportunity areas in the UK organic food sector include:

  • Grocery products such as pasta, breakfast cereal, biscuits, snacks, condiments, sauces and confectionery – both branded and private labels
  • Fresh temperate fruit including premium apple varieties, cherries, nectarines, berries and citrus
  • Fresh exotic fruits and tropical fruits
  • Food ingredients for supply to the UK food manufacturing sector
  • Premium beef, lamb and possibly game meats (although these are affected by quotas)

There are limited opportunities in the organic food service industry (such as restaurants and mass catering) where price is the principal factor.

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Tariffs, regulations and customs

The European Union (EU) has permitted Australia to be a third country organic supplier. This means that Australian certified organic products are free to enter the EU with an organic authority inspection certificate. This bypasses the lengthy procedures involved in getting organic certification from individual EU members.


Food imports to the UK are highly regulated for hygiene and quality reasons and agricultural products are protected by quota and managed by a licensing system. Import of specified products without a quota license is prohibited. These products include:

  • cereals and rice
  • sugar and isoglucose
  • oils and fats
  • seeds
  • milk and milk products
  • wine
  • processed fruit and vegetables
  • mutton, lamb, buffalo, beef, veal and goat meat

Food products of animal origin, including fish and honey, must be produced in an EU approved establishment. The Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Australia (AFFA) will carry out the inspection and approval process on behalf of the EU, but some foods will also require an import license.


EU and UK legislation covers almost every aspect of food production and sale including:

  • ingredients
  • label design and content
  • jar or pack size
  • additives
  • need for a UK or EU address
  • product descriptions and names
  • products of animal origin
  • packaging materials

Much of this legislation is based on due diligence, putting the onus for compliance on the manufacturer or producer.


The way products are packaged, sold and or produced, whether they are fresh, frozen or chilled will dictate the tariffs that apply. Common Customs Tariff is applicable to goods from non-EU countries, including Australia. Most duties are ad valorem (per cent), based on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Valuation Code (approximate cost, insurance and freight value).


If you are shipping any goods to Europe, you should obtain a written customs duty ruling, known as Binding Tariff Information (BTI). Getting a BTI is free and will prevent any conflict over customs or excise duty. A BTI is valid for six years.

HM Customs and Excise
Tariff Classification
2nd Floor South West
Alexander House
21 Victoria Avenue
Southend-on-Sea
Essex SS99 1AA
Tel: +44 (0)1702 366 077

Generally there is no Value Added Tax (VAT) on food, but some ingredients, luxury foods and all alcohol will attract VAT at 17.5 per cent.

Industry standards

The Advisory Committee on Organic Standards (ACOS) is a non-executive non departmental public body which advises Ministers on matters related to organic standards. Prior to the establishment of ACOS in 2003 the Competent Authority in the UK for organic production was UKROFS, the United Kingdom Register of Organic Food Standards. 


The UK has a number of organic certifying authorities, which are responsible for implementing EU directive (EEC) 2092/1 for organic production. These include:

The Food Standards Agency is the UK Government department in charge of standards, regulations, quality, health and consumer protection. Standards required by UK retailers vary from self regulatory to legally enforced. These include:

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Marketing your products and services

Market entry

UK retailers rarely buy direct from overseas companies because they employ category management techniques, and get their suppliers to handle the distribution issues. Some methods recommended for selling to UK retailers include:

  • Appointing a distribution partner to handle importing and customer liaison
  • Managing the customer base from Australia and finding a fulfilment company to warehouse and ship to the customers
  • Setting up an office in the UK
  • Sending one of your Australian staff to the UK as a representative
  • Sharing distribution with another Australian company with a synergistic product range

Selling through supermarkets is often not the most desirable route for Australian producers, particularly smaller companies or new exporters. Supermarkets and independent stores buy both fresh and grocery products from specialist distribution companies, rather than direct from the producer. In order to save costs and streamline ordering, stores have been reducing the numbers of favoured suppliers. This further restricts distribution opportunities for smaller companies.  Large volumes, price commitments and regulations can make this an unprofitable option.


A good option is to access the independent and specialist retail sector in partnership with a UK distributor. This lets you build export sales more gradually, allowing management of supply and marketing issues. This may also provide a better profit margin, as smaller retailers usually sell to consumers at higher prices.


The most successful organic products mirror mainstream products, which allows producers to adapt recipes, rather than developing totally new products. The organics category is rapidly expanding into traditional value-added grocery lines. As with non-organic groceries, convenience is the driver for new product development.


Ready-to-eat or part-prepared lines are popular. The growth of the home meal replacement sector and the in-store bakery both provide opportunities for Australian organic ingredients suppliers, although these sectors are smaller than grocery and produce.


Australia is not considered a major source of organic food products as most imports come from within the European Union (EU) and the USA. However, Australia has a good image with consumers as a ‘clean and green’ country although this in itself isn't enough to encourage buyers.


UK consumers are very discerning when it comes to packaging and presentation of the product. It is best to work with a UK-based specialist to develop packaging or branding suitable for the market, and a distributor should be able to help. The wrong packaging or marketing will mean that the product won’t get listed with any larger stores, and that sales are likely to be restricted.


You will need to tailor your presentation for each retailer in order to be successful. Visit as many stores as possible to build up a picture of the retailer’s consumer base and consider how your product fits their needs and aspirations. Research the market and your potential competitors thoroughly before making contact with customers. When presenting your product to a UK retailer, either direct or via your UK distributor, you will need to consider the following:

  • What the value to the retailer is of listing your product
  • How your product ‘fits’ in the current product offering
  • Who the target buyers are
  • Projected level of sales
  • What the retail price will be
  • What margins the retailer and distributor expect
  • How you are going to promote the product
  • If you are you willing to change the product ingredients or packaging to suit the retailer
  • If an exclusivity deal is appropriate
  • IF you are ready to provide product samples

When presenting to a retail or wholesale buyer, try to provide as much information as possible in brochure format. Although the majority of UK companies are online, a proper brochure and letter has an immediate impact. Try to provide:

  • A history of your company and of the product range
  • Detailed information about the product, its ingredients and packaging
  • Information about your export experience or customers in Australia
  • Recipes or meal ideas if the product has unusual ingredients
  • Pricing in UK pounds or Australian dollars with a current exchange rate
  • Landed costs are generally preferred buy buyers to ex-factory or FOB

There are some e-tailers and e-markets online, but like much of the food industry, these tend to be localised.

Distribution channels

The main distribution channels for food in the UK are:

  • retail
  • food service
  • food manufacturing

The percentage breakdown varies from sector to sector, and with organics, from customer to customer.

Retail

The major supermarkets dominate food and drink retailing. Eighty-four per cent of food sales go through the following companies:

Supermarkets and independent stores buy both fresh and grocery products from specialist distribution companies, rather than direct from the producer. In order to save costs and streamline ordering, stores have been reducing the numbers of favoured suppliers. This further restricts distribution opportunities for smaller companies.


Selling through the biggest supermarkets is often not the most desirable route for Australian producers, particularly smaller companies or new exporters. Large volumes, price commitments and regulations can make this an unprofitable option. A better option is to access the independent and specialist retail sector in partnership with a UK distributor. This lets you build export sales more gradually, allowing management of supply and marketing issues. They may also provide a better level of margin, as smaller retailers usually sell to consumers at higher prices. Good examples of this type of retailer are:

Food service

The value of food eaten outside of the home is A$120 billion. However, very little of this is organic. There are ‘gastro-pubs’ and restaurants specialising in organic food, but most make no special effort to source organic ingredients, due to the scarcity of distribution and costs. If you are interested in servicing the organic food service sector, it is worth finding a specialist import partner. It would also be worth visiting the outlets in person to talk to the chefs about your products, because this is a small and specialist sector with limited distribution.

Food processing

There are opportunities for supply of raw materials and ingredients to the UK processing and food manufacturing sector. This area is very driven by price, and competitors from mainland Europe and the USA may well have a cost advantage. If you are interested in this sector, it is worth contacting the processors and manufacturers direct, as they all have different buying processes and requirements. They may or may not buy direct, but they will usually be able to recommend a preferred supplier.

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Links and industry contacts

Organic food-related resources

DEFRA organic food standards - www.defra.gov.uk/farm/organic
Food from Britian - www.foodfrombritain.com
Green Cuisine - www.greencuisine.org
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) - www.ifoam.org
International Food Exhibition - www.ife.co.uk
Institute of Grocery Distribution - www.igd.com
Natural Products Exhibition - www.naturalproducts.co.uk
Organic Marketplace - www.organicmarketplace.co.uk/realindex.html
Organic Trade Services - www.organicts.com

Government, business and trade resources for the United Kingdom

Food Standards Agency - www.foodstandards.gov.uk
British Standards Institute - www.bsi-global.com
Department of Trade and Industry - www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/clothing.htm
European Union Agriculture Department - http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/index_en.htm
European Union Customs - http://europa.eu.int/comm/taxation_customs/customs/index_en.htm
European Union Portal - http://europa.eu.int/index-en.htm
HM Customs & Excise - www.hmrc.gov.uk/home.htm
Trading Standards - www.tradingstandards.gov.uk
UK Government Portal - www.ukonline.gov.uk
UK Statistics - www.statistics.gov.uk
UK Trade and Investment - www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk

Media

Organic Food e-zine - www.organicfood.co.uk
Fresh Info subscription e-zine - www.freshinfo.com
Fresh Produce Journal - www.fruitnet.com
Just Food e-zine - www.just-food.com/index.asp
Grocer subscription e-zine - www.grocertoday.co.uk

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Contact details

The Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is the Australian Government’s trade and investment development agency, operating as a statutory agency within the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio.

Austrade assists Australian businesses contribute to national prosperity by succeeding in trade and investment, internationally, and promoting and supporting productive foreign investment into Australia.

Austrade:

  • Delivers services that assist Australian businesses initiate, sustain and grow trade and outward investment.
  • Promotes Australia as an inward investment destination and, with the States and Territories, supports the inflow of productive foreign direct investment.
  • Administers the Export Market Development Grants scheme.
  • Undertakes initiatives designed to improve community awareness of, and commitment to, international trade and investment.
  • Provides advice to the Australian Government on its trade and investment development activities.
  • Delivers consular, passport and other government services in designated overseas locations.

A list of Austrade offices (in alphabetical order of country) is available.

More information

For further information please contact Austrade on 13 28 78 or email info@austrade.gov.au

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