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Seafood to the United Kingdom

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(Last updated: 16 Jul 2007)

Trends and opportunities

The market

Fish is widely promoted as a healthy alternative to meat, but despite this, fish consumption has declined since the boom fuelled by 'mad cow' disease (BSE) in 1996. Consumers spend around five per cent of their food bill on seafood. Recent food scares, and an increased understanding of the health benefits of Omega3 fish oils have helped develop sales.

Fish

Salmon has pushed cod from the top slot for preferred fish. Cod and haddock stocks have been under serious pressure from overfishing, and prices have risen accordingly. Farmed salmon is relatively cheap, its colour is attractive and it is available in steaks, fillets and ready-seasoned cuts that are attractive and easy to cook.


Around 40 per cent of fish is sold fresh, with two-thirds of this being prepacked in modified atmosphere packaging and sold from the chiller. Although supermarkets are still investing heavily in wet fish counters, the British consumer needs educating in how to prepare and handle fresh fish. Skinless and boneless steaks and fillets are the most popular cuts.


Premium canned fish has seen an increase in sales, but ready meals continue to be the biggest growth sector for fish.

Shellfish and crustaceans

Although a small sector, sales of crustaceans and shellfish continue to grow in value and volume.  Retailers are now offering a wider range of domestic and imported product. This gives suppliers a new sales outlet in addition to the traditionally strong restaurant sector.

Prawns

Prawns are the most popular, particularly pink varieties. South East Asia is a major supplier of the larger warm-water species.


Over 70 per cent of shellfish and crustaceans are either frozen or previously frozen. Most are prepared in some way, especially for the retail sector.  Lobsters and crabs tend to be ready cooked, prawns are often de-headed or cooked and peeled and shellfish are sometimes ready opened or removed from the shell.

Opportunities

There are opportunities for both fresh and frozen seafoods:

  • Crustaceans: lobster, crab, yabbies, bugs
  • Shellfish: scallops, oysters
  • Fin fish: snapper, grouper, barramundi, bream, tuna, swordfish
  • Prawns: mainly pink varieties
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Tariffs, regulations and customs

All seafood, in common with all animal products for human consumption will require a health certificate issued by Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS). The health certificate must accompany the shipment.


Food products of animal origin, including fish, must be produced in an European Union (EU) approved establishment. AQIS will carry out the inspection and approval process on behalf of the EU. The establishment number must be quoted on the health certificate. Most food products will also require an export certificate, which is issued by AQIS.


There is EU, and UK legislation covering almost every aspect of food and beverage production, and sale. Much of this legislation is based on due diligence, putting the onus for compliance on the manufacturer or producer. Trading Standards officers employed by local councils enforce this legislation. It is worth getting your UK distributor to contact their local Trading Standards office for their advice.


UK is part of the harmonised trade system of the EU. The Common Customs Tariff (CCT) is applicable to goods from non-EU countries, including Australia. Most duties are ad valorem, based on the GATT Valuation Code (approximate CIF value).


If you are shipping any goods to Europe, you should obtain a written customs duty ruling, known as Binding Tariff Information (BTI). Getting a BTI is free and will prevent any conflict over customs or excise duty. A BTI is valid for six years.

HM Customs and Excise
Tariff Classification
2nd Floor South West
Alexander House
21 Victoria Avenue
Southend-on-Sea
Essex SS99 1AA
Tel: +44 (0)1702 366 077

Generally there is no Value Added Tax (VAT) on fresh seafood.

Industry standards

The manufacture, import and selling of food and beverages for humans is highly regulated in the UK. British consumers have been scared by food crises, such as 'mad cow' disease (BSE) and are now more aware of their rights and the legislation that protects them.


The Food Standards Agency is the UK Government department in charge of standards, regulations, quality, health and consumer protection. Trading Standards officers employed by local councils enforce this legislation. It is worth getting your UK distributor to contact their local Trading Standards office for their advice.


Standards required by UK retailers vary from self regulatory to legally enforced. These range from internationally recognised standards, such as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) to in-house regulations covering water quality and environmental issues.

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Marketing your products and services

Market entry

In order to successfully enter the UK seafood market, you will need a presence in the UK. Category management is common, and buyers reduce sales costs by limiting the number of suppliers. Supermarkets don’t buy direct from producers, but have one or two specialist suppliers for each product category. These suppliers, or multipliers, import specific products from around the world in order to provide seamless delivery to the retailer. Some retailers are closely involved in vetting new products and overseas suppliers, while others leave that responsibility to the multiplier wholesaler.


You will need to sell to a UK-based distributor who can access the right customer group – supermarkets, catering or processing. It is important to find the right partner. This company should:

  • Be a preferred supplier to the supermarkets or catering trade
  • Be experienced in handling your product types
  • Be experienced in working with Southern Hemisphere suppliers
  • Have the equipment and skill needed to grade, pack or store your products as necessary

It is worth talking to several different companies before making a decision. You may well work with more than one company if you have a wide range of products. Do some research in the UK, and visit the leading retailers before approaching potential importers. This will give you a better idea of the products already on offer, the retail prices and what the retailers are looking for.


Some very good companies are relatively small as they exclusively service a single sector, such as top end restaurants in London. In the seafood sector there are a wide range of importers and sales agents and it is worth meeting with a number of organisations to get a good understanding of the market dynamics and to help you select a partner.


Innovation, rather than increased consumption has driven growth in the UK seafood sector. The quality offering has changed so that consumers expect the best all the time - it is hard to market on quality alone.


The UK seafood retail market is not as sophisticated as Australia, as British people haven’t traditionally been big fish consumers, therefore you may need to provide smaller sizes or fillets to appeal to consumers. Retail buyers may also need educating in how to handle and prepare unusual products. Supplying restaurants via a wholesaler can be easier.


Carefully think about your target consumer before presenting your products to a UK buyer.  Don’t assume that your British consumer will have the same characteristics or habits as your Australian consumers. 


Many importers and retailers will need to be convinced of your capabilities. Be clear on:

  • Supply seasons
  • Exportable volume
  • Export costs – transport and duty
  • Shipping times
  • The Latin and marketing names of your products – common names are often different in the UK
  • The margins expected by your distributor and the customer

British companies prefer to have brochures and product samples, rather than relying on websites for information. Use of the Internet is widespread, but a brochure or sample in the buyer’s hand tends to make a faster impact. Brochures don’t need to be expensive, but they should:

  • Accurately project the values of your company
  • Include technical information
  • Give full details of all products in the range
  • Mention the benefits of the product to the retailer – perhaps include a case study of an Australian retailer

Provide pricing information separately. It should be in UK pounds where possible, or at least in Australian dollars with reference to a current exchange rate. UK companies expect to build a relationship with their suppliers, so treat the UK as a long-term strategic market.


The seafood industry hasn’t taken advantage of the Internet in the same way as other food sectors, such as beverages or fruit. Online shopping for home delivery is an increasingly popular service from UK supermarkets. However, the supermarkets do not yet use the Internet themselves for buying stock. If you do offer your products for sale to the UK and Europe over the Internet, you will still need to comply with British and European laws.

Distribution channels

Distribution of seafood in the UK is split by volume: retail – 40 per cent; processing – 38 per cent; and food service – 22 per cent .

Retail

Supermarkets are the main distribution channel for seafood, as with most other food products. However, the larger chains may not offer the best prospects for high-value Australian seafood, and it could be worth investigating sales to independent retailers or up-market stores.


Very few UK retailers will buy direct from an overseas supplier, unless you have a UK presence. Very few restaurant, pub chain or catering companies will buy direct from Australia. Most will buy through a wholesaler. Some companies are so large that they have in-house buyers who can cope with the complexity of direct import, but they will expect to have the same discounts as a traditional wholesaler.

Food service

Like the retail sector, food service is also experiencing consolidation, with some very big companies dominating. Despite this, small companies continue to hold niches, and it is possible to find both small and large customers. Some larger companies active in food service include:

Also like retail, few food service outlets will buy direct. There are a multitude of specialist wholesalers working in this sector. Some are very specialist, providing premium fish to London restaurants for instance, others bulk service.

Wholesale markets


The wholesale markets, such as Billingsgate in London are less powerful in seafood distribution than their counterparts in Australia. However, there are many small and specialist companies located in the markets which supply restaurants and independent retailers. These companies will often buy in much smaller quantities and make spot purchases.


Because fish sales do not have to go through the wholesale markets, there are a number of wholesalers outside of the market structure. These vary in size from huge companies with outlets across the country, to specialist suppliers with a defined geographic customer base. One of these companies is most likely to make the best partner for Australian seafood exporters.

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Links and industry contacts

Seafood-related resources

Go Trade Seafood – www.gotradeseafood.com
Seafish Industry Authority – www.seafish.co.uk

Government, business and trade resources for the United Kingdom

British Food and Drink Companies – www.britishcompanies.co.uk/food.htm
Department of Environment, Farming and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) – www.defra.gov.uk
European Union Portal – http://europa.eu.int/index-en.htm
Food from Britain – www.foodfrombritain.com
Food Standards Agency – www.foodstandards.gov.uk
HM Customs & Excise – www.hmrc.gov.uk/home.htm
International Food Exhibition – www.ife.co.uk
Trading Standards – www.tradingstandards.gov.uk
UK food industry associations –  www.fdf.org.uk/links/linksfood.html
UK Government Portal – www.ukonline.gov.uk
UK Statistics – www.statistics.gov.uk
UK Trade and Investment – www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk

Media

Food and Drink Federation (Press Room) – www.fdf.org.uk/fdfpressoffice.html
Institute of Grocery Distribution (IGD) News – www.igd.com
The Grocer – www.grocertoday.co.uk
Just Food – www.just-food.com

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Contact details

The Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is the Australian Government’s trade and investment development agency, operating as a statutory agency within the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio.

Austrade assists Australian businesses contribute to national prosperity by succeeding in trade and investment, internationally, and promoting and supporting productive foreign investment into Australia.

Austrade:

  • Delivers services that assist Australian businesses initiate, sustain and grow trade and outward investment.
  • Promotes Australia as an inward investment destination and, with the States and Territories, supports the inflow of productive foreign direct investment.
  • Administers the Export Market Development Grants scheme.
  • Undertakes initiatives designed to improve community awareness of, and commitment to, international trade and investment.
  • Provides advice to the Australian Government on its trade and investment development activities.
  • Delivers consular, passport and other government services in designated overseas locations.

A list of Austrade offices (in alphabetical order of country) is available.

More information

For further information please contact Austrade on 13 28 78 or email info@austrade.gov.au

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