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Denmark

Profiled industries in this market

Textiles and clothing to Denmark

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(Last updated: 12 Jul 2007)

Trends and opportunities

The market

According to the Federation of Danish Textile & Clothing, the textile and clothing industry is Denmark’s fourth largest export business. Denmark has 0.7 per cent of the worldwide annual textile trade of US$356 million.


In Denmark production companies have succeeded in doubling turnover and export. However the industry is still going through the trend, which takes the production further to the East.


Australia only has a small export to Denmark of clothing, apparel and footwear. Australia’s share of European Union (EU) total import of textiles and clothing was 0.1 per cent (Source: EU Bilateral Trade Relations).


The overall trends are:

  • Import of garment is expected to increase due to a continued growth of the garment market as a whole. 
  • Due to low labour costs Eastern European and Far East countries will gain an increasing share of total imports. Increasing salary levels in Eastern Europe will push the production further east. 
  • Shorter fashion cycles will increase the attractiveness of countries located geographically closer to Denmark, since delivery time is reduced.
  • Further liberalisation of the garment markets in Denmark and the EU will occur, due to continuous relaxation of trade regulations.

Manufacturing and wholesale

As the salary level of the country increases, Danish garment companies may have competitive incentives to move production to lower cost countries. This has resulted in a shift from producing in Denmark to Southern Europe and subsequently to Eastern Europe and the Far East. However, as the production costs increase in Eastern Europe (eg. Poland), Danish manufacturers will contemplate moving production further east to countries with lower production costs. Several companies have already taken this step.


There are two opposite moving trends when deciding where imported textile and garments should come from. As explained, when salary levels in Europe increase, the incentive for Danish companies to move to less costly locations will become stronger. On the other hand, due to the short geographic distance between Denmark and other European countries, they may remain preferred locations.


The reduced time from placing an order until the shipment arrives to Denmark seems increasingly important due to the reduced fashion cycles. Thus, short delivery time may be seen as more important than relatively lower costs in cases where the fashion changes rapidly. In such cases, Danish garment companies may prefer paying extra for reduced transportation time of one week from a European country compared to a month from the Far East or Australia.

Opportunities

The best opportunities for Australian exporters in the Danish textiles and clothing industry are in sportswear, apparel and footwear. 

Competitive environment

Competition will continue to be hard in the future. According to Danish Textile Association several large chains work with a profit margin, which is 10 points higher than the average profit margin in the Danish fashion industry, which will lead to an increase in competition in the future. This trend does not have a long lasting future.

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Tariffs, regulations and customs

Non-preferential supplier countries have to pay the following tariff rates when exporting to the European Union (EU):

  • Raw materials - zero per cent
  • For fibres and yarns - four per cent 
  • Fabrics and made-up products - eight per cent
  • Garments - 12 per cent

This tariff structure is significantly lower than that of most of the EU’s trading partners, some of which have ‘bound’ their tariffs within the WTO at levels of 40 per cent and higher.


Valud Added Tax (VAT) is levied on all clothing and textile products at 25 per cent.


EU quotas apply to the amount of clothing and textiles that can be imported. However, most of those quotas are rarely used up.


Further information on import duties is available at the European Union TARIC website.

Industry standards

Compliance with European Union regulations and standards is strongly recommended.


Specific legislation regarding garments sold in Denmark is limited, but legislation exists regarding three issues:

  • The materials/fibres used for the product must be declared on the garment in Danish.
  • The use of nickel in buttons, zippers, etc. is regulated, and the maximum level of nickel content must be respected.
  • Chemicals, which are injurious to health, must not be used in the manufacture of garments.

'Care labelling' with recommendations or instructions on how to treat the garment (eg. washing, drying, ironing) is encouraged but not mandatory. There are also EU directives on the labelling of footwear and textile products.

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Marketing your products and services

Market entry

It is recommended to establish a business contact with someone who is familiar with the Danish textile and clothing industry and the trends in this sector. Danish importers and agents also want committed suppliers.


If an Australian exporter is entering the European market for the first time, Denmark could be a good test market as it is relatively small. This can give an indication of how successful the products will be in Europe without an investment that is too large.


The entry barriers to the Danish textile and clothing industry are low and an Australian exporter of garments should not expect competition from producers of garments in Denmark. Competition instead, is to be found among the other garment manufacturers in the exporting countries. Since the capacity and number of producers are relatively larger than the limited amount of garments required by Danish importers, the competition among producers is very intensive, especially on a price/quality dimension. Furthermore, Danish importers are keen to establish long-term relationships with suppliers to ensure precise deliveries and uniform quality of the products.


In order to meet the short–term delivery requirements you need to establish a presence in Denmark. This can be done in a number of ways:

  • A joint venture with a Danish company.
  • A joint venture with another Australian company with a synergistic product range in order to share distribution costs and compliment each other’s product ranges.
  • Establishment of a sales and fulfilment office in Denmark or another European country for fast delivery.
  • Appointment of a Danish distribution partner and representative.

The Euro Info Centre under the Danish Chamber of Commerce has a service for identifying business partners in Denmark.


Visiting and/or exhibiting at fashion fairs or trade events in Denmark is also another market entry worth looking into. They provide a good location in which to meet business partners and potential customers.


The Danish textiles and clothing industry is highly dominated by well-established domestic fashion brand names such as Vero Moda, Claire, Cottonfield, InWear, Martinique, Red/Green. A large marketing and advertising budget is required to create brand awareness for a new Australian brand, as loyalty to the existing brands is high.


Danish consumers have a great perception of Australia and Australian products. Australian exporters can benefit from that by emphasising the high quality of Australian products in the marketing message.


There are several ways to market products in the Danish textiles and clothing industry:

  • Going large-scale: heavy advertising is required explaining why Australian products are different and more beneficial to the Danish consumer than the traditional brands in the Danish clothing stores. Only large Australian exporters would be able to have this impact.
  • As a niche-product: for smaller Australian exporters it is advisable to establish a niche market in Denmark, marketing the Australian clothing and apparel as different and unique.

Depending on which market objectives you might have, it is of vital importance that the importer bringing the Australian products to the Danish market can match these objectives. Before entering the market extensive research should be done on:

  • What kind of value the retailer will have from listing the Australian product
  • If the products fit in with the current product range
  • Who the target buyers should be Pricing and margins

Distribution channels

Many Danish manufacturers rely almost entirely on suppliers from abroad or have set up their own production facilities outside of Denmark. Manufacturers are generally not interested in other types of ready-made garments than their own design. Being able to deliver garments in accordance with the design specifications given by the manufacturer is of paramount importance to the supplier.


The Danish wholesalers import ready-made garments as well as garments manufactured according to given design specifications. Wholesalers will typically carry international brands as well as their own branded and unbranded garments.


Due to their knowledge of local markets and wide network of contacts, Danish and international agents are sometimes used when Danish manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers source from foreign countries. Generally, the biggest Danish manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers set up their own purchasing offices around the world or they buy directly from foreign suppliers.


The smaller Danish buyers often make use of an agent. Most agents do not carry their own stock, but purchase solely on the request of their customers. Furthermore, most agents work on a three to seven per cent commission, based on FOB prices. Depending on the line of business, retailers import ready-made garments as well as garments based on own design specifications.


The price structure of garments naturally varies depending on the type of garment, the type of retail outlet, and whether they are imported by a retail company or by an agent or wholesaler. High fashion garments or heavily advertised brands carry higher mark-ups.

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Links and industry contacts

Textiles and clothing-related resources

Federation of Danish Textile & Clothing - www.textile.dk
Danish Textile Association (Dansk Textil Union) - www.dtu.com
Pej gruppen/Scandinavian Trend Institute - www.pejgruppen.dk
Danish Shoe Vendor Association - www.skohandlerforening.dk
Danish Association of Commercial Agents and Exclusive Distributors - www.commercial-agents.dk
Retail Institute Scandinavia A/S - www.retail-institute-scandinavia.dk

Government, business and trade resources for Denmark

Consumer Information - www.fi.dk
Danish Parliament - www.folketinget.dk
Euro Info Centre - www.eic-commerce.dk
European Union - http://europa.eu.int/index-en.htm
European Union customs - http://europa.eu.int/comm/taxation_customs/customs/customs.htm
European Union TARIC - http://europa.eu.int/comm/taxation_customs/dds/en/tarhome.htm
Statistics Denmark - www.dst.dk
The Danish Duty and Taxation office - www.toldskat.dk
The Danish Competition Authority - www.ks.dk


The Danish Chamber of Commerce
Tel: +45 70 131 200
Fax: +45 33 325 216
Email: hts@hts.dk

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Contact details

The Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is the Australian Government’s trade and investment development agency, operating as a statutory agency within the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio.

Austrade assists Australian businesses contribute to national prosperity by succeeding in trade and investment, internationally, and promoting and supporting productive foreign investment into Australia.

Austrade:

  • Delivers services that assist Australian businesses initiate, sustain and grow trade and outward investment.
  • Promotes Australia as an inward investment destination and, with the States and Territories, supports the inflow of productive foreign direct investment.
  • Administers the Export Market Development Grants scheme.
  • Undertakes initiatives designed to improve community awareness of, and commitment to, international trade and investment.
  • Provides advice to the Australian Government on its trade and investment development activities.
  • Delivers consular, passport and other government services in designated overseas locations.

A list of Austrade offices (in alphabetical order of country) is available.

More information

For further information please contact Austrade on 13 28 78 or email info@austrade.gov.au

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