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Textiles and clothing to New Zealand

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(Last updated: 19 Jul 2007)

Trends and opportunities

The market

Retail sales of apparel, softgoods and footwear totalled approximately NZ$2.5 billion for the year ending December 2005, which equates to a NZ$617 per capita spend.


Australian products make up 19 per cent of imported apparel and 10 per cent of imported footwear. Australia’s share of imports has declined slightly, due to increasing competition from cheaper sources such as China.


Prices of overall imported consumer goods have fallen about 12 per cent between 1999 and 2004.


The climate in New Zealand is overall slightly cooler than Australia. There is a distinct market in the lower North Island and the South Island, for heavier winter clothing. To provide some comparison between markets, New Zealand fashion designers often say that their designs sell better in Melbourne than in Sydney. New Zealanders view Melbourne as the Australian fashion centre rather than Sydney.


Lower priced apparel is sold through discount chains, including, Farmers, Rendells and The Warehouse (the biggest general merchandise and apparel retailer in New Zealand).


There are mail order companies such as Postie Fashions and Ezibuy, which operate successfully at the middle price point with fairly conservative clothing. Pumpkin Patch, which began as a mail order business, is the dominant ‘label’ brand of children’s wear.


Groups such as Glassons, Max, Esprit, Portmans, Jean Jones, Jacquie E, Sussans and Katies cater for the middle-priced women’s apparel sector. Independent boutiques located in areas where these groups operate rely on brand exclusivity to attract customers.

Opportunities

The opportunity for Australian suppliers is in quality products, in niche segments, priced in the middle to upper market bracket, and specifically:

  • street/surf wear
  • club wear
  • high fashion garments
  • garments for fuller figures

New Zealand consumers are well aware of overseas trends and brands.


New Zealand is becoming well known for quirky fashion design from labels like Karen Walker, Zambesi, Kate Sylvester, Pumpkin Patch, Ice-breaker and Trelise Cooper.


Success in Australia does not guarantee success in New Zealand. Buyers don’t necessarily believe that all well-known Australian brands are appropriate to their customer base.

Competitive environment

Local labels tend to concentrate on either the budget, fashion-focused or top end of the market. Many designers now vertically integrate with their own retail outlets due to a decline in the number of independent boutiques and the continued pressure on margins.


Clothing at the lower to middle end is primarily sourced from South East Asia, Fiji or India.


Parallel importing is now legal in New Zealand.


Parallel importing allows any company to import brands that are already licensed to other New Zealand companies. Importers have been quick to take advantage of this change, with large chains, such as The Warehouse, importing brands on its own behalf. Designer closeout stores have emerged, specialising in parallel imported brands. Many of these imports come in from overseas clearance houses.

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Tariffs, regulations and customs

Under the Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (ANZCERTA) or commonly (CER) any product that has 50 per cent or more Australian content may enter New Zealand duty free. Depending upon the product, Australia has (up to) a 15 per cent tariff advantage over other countries.


Goods and services tax (GST) at 12.5 per cent applies to all products, both local and imported. GST is levied at each point of sale. In the case of imported goods, New Zealand Customs collects the GST (based on the cost, insurance and freight (CIF) value) at point of entry before releasing the goods.


Suppliers of goods and services must register for GST if their gross turnover exceeds NZ$40,000.


The Australian Chambers of Commerce can arrange a carnet in advance for non-saleable show or sample goods, otherwise GST applies. This must be done in Australia before goods are brought into New Zealand. Samples must be re-exported in exactly the same condition as they were imported.  Members of the Chambers of Commerce may qualify for discounts on the costs. The indemnity is fully refunded or cancelled when the carnet documents have been returned to the Chamber and proof provided that the goods have been returned to Australia.


To receive a refund for GST paid on show or sample goods, the Australian company would have to register for GST in New Zealand (or use a customs agent or associated company registered for GST in New Zealand).


To clear goods through Customs in New Zealand, exporters need a commercial invoice and a copy of the bill of lading or airway bill – or the information which is contained in those documents. Exporters do not normally need certificates of origin, packing lists, certificates of insurance, bank drafts or other documents.


New Zealand Customs have a system of pre-lodgement to allow imported goods to go through a pre-arrival customs clearance after providing information including:

  • flight/shipping number and date
  • house airway bill number/bill of lading
  • number of packages
  • gross weight
  • freight charges
  • freight payment arrangements (pre-paid or on collection)

Customs can demand the production of evidence of origin for any one shipment and this could be in the form of a certificate, a letter from the supplier or simple visual inspection of garment labels.  Packing lists can be of assistance when the goods are subject to a physical examination.


Customs may require the evidence of payment (bank drafts or letters of credit). These requirements are the exception and should be treated as such. Great care needs to be taken to ensure that goods meet the 50 per cent content requirement for duty free access and that this can be proven if challenged.


Customs will accept photocopies or faxed copies of all documents.


The May 1998 changes in the Copyright Act 1994 meant that New Zealand no longer prohibited parallel importing of products. This means authorised distributors may no longer have exclusive distribution rights in New Zealand over copyright products sourced overseas.

Industry standards

In regard to labelling standards, the Commerce Commission is New Zealand's primary competition regulatory agency and is responsible for enforcing the Fair Trading Act. The Act has provisions relating to consumer information and requires that apparel must be clearly labelled with:

  • country of origin
  • fabric
  • care instructions

Only the country of origin and fabric are required to be sewn into the garment. There are no restrictions on where the labels go, as long as they are easily found. Goods that cannot be handled before sale, (eg. boxed men’s shirts) must include these items on the packaging itself.


Children’s clothing requires information about flammability and there are regulations relating to the types of fabrics that may be used for children’s nightwear.

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Marketing your products and services

Market entry

Marketing requirements are not greatly different from Australia.


Brands need to build a profile in New Zealand. Advertising and editorial coverage in local magazines and Australian magazines with New Zealand versions is recommended.


Most Australian companies work through a local distributor or agent. Agents and importers, as well as retailers, can be targeted by advertising in local industry publications.


A further option is to sell direct to retailers, which would necessitate regular selling trips to New Zealand.


The retail profile in New Zealand is not dominated by department stores and there are no nation-wide department store chains similar to David Jones or Myer/Grace Bros. There are a few provincial department stores like Smith and Caughey in Auckland, Kirkaldies in Wellington and Ballantynes in Christchurch.


The Warehouse (the biggest apparel retailer in New Zealand within its unique warehouse concept selling such items as washing machines and computers alongside clothing and shoes) has moved fairly aggressively into the budget end of the clothing market.


Larger companies may consider setting up their own retail outlets, but should do extensive research on the market first.


Some Australian companies are selling to New Zealand via their websites and using traditional fashion media to promote their web presence. Reciprocal linking with New Zealand fashion-related websites, such as Fashion NZ, is another avenue to create consumer and trade awareness.


It should be remembered that the New Zealand economy is one-sixth of the size of Australia’s (by GDP). Up-market labels may only have 6–10 potential retail customers throughout the whole country.


Finding the right one can be difficult and great care needs to be taken when selecting representation.

Distribution channels

Distributors are mostly based in Auckland and then service the major centres. Payment terms with distributors can be up to 90 days. Unlike Australia, New Zealand does not have a large number of well set-up distributors. Great care needs to be taken in choosing the right representation for your product. Exporters are advised to undertake credit checks and so ask for (and make direct contact with) customer and supplier references.


Agents work on a commission of 10+ per cent if they do not hold stock and are not responsible for debt collection. In this situation the exporter is responsible for shipping to and invoicing of the individual retail customers in New Zealand. The importer may also need assistance with GST in this situation.


Importers (wholesaler/distributors) who purchase stock and resell, usually operate on a margin of 20–30 per cent or a mark up on garments of 40–50 per cent on landed cost. This means that they will typically look for at least 20–25 per cent off Australian wholesale price when buying and may expect the import to pay freight costs.


There are also mail order companies, such as Postie Fashions and Ezibuy, which operate successfully at the middle price point with fairly conservative clothing.


Retail mark up is generally 100 per cent (including GST) although in some high rent areas 100 per cent plus GST would be normal.

Transport

New Zealand’s internal transport networks are extensive and efficient. Distribution is relatively easy due to short travel distances. Distribution costs can be higher than Australia due to the broad geographic spread of a relatively small population.


The major ports of entry are Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Tauranga, Napier and Nelson.


International airports are located in Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch.

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Links and industry contacts

Textiles and clothing-related resources

Consumer and trade media

FashioNZ – www.fashionz.co.nz
ACP Magazines – www.acp.com.au


Apparel Magazine – premier trade publication
Tel: (64 9) 306 5860
Fax: (64 9) 303 0414
Email: info@apparel.co.nz

Government

New Zealand Commerce Commission - Fair Trading Act – www.comcom.govt.nz

NZ Fashion Week

New Zealand Fashion Week – www.nzfashionweek.com

Customs brokers and consultants

Daniel Silva Ltd – www.silva.co.nz 
PO Box 305
Auckland, New Zealand
Tel: (64 9) 259 4014
Fax: (64 9) 259 7570
Email: info@silva.co.nz


Merz and Associates – www.merz.co.nz
Tel: (64 9) 379 0502
Fax: (64 9) 308 9527

Apparel warehousing and distribution (not sales)

Campbell Henri Ltd – www.campbell-henri.co.nz
Tel: (64 9) 574 0383
Fax: (64 9) 574 0384
Email: warehouse@campbell-henri.co.nz

Apparel recruitment

Ragtrade Recruitment
Tel: (64 9) 522 5005
Fax: (64 9) 522 5025

Government, business and trade resources for New Zealand

The New Zealand Government – www.govt.nz 
Statistics New Zealand – www.stats.govt.nz
New Zealand Government's ‘online’ strategy – www.e-government.govt.nz 
New Zealand Companies Office – www.companies.govt.nz 
New Zealand Department of Labour – www.dol.govt.nz 
New Zealand Inland Revenue Department – www.ird.govt.nz
New Zealand Treasury – www.treasury.govt.nz
Transit New Zealand – www.transit.govt.nz
Chambers of Commerce – www.chamber.co.nz


NZ Customs Department – www.customs.govt.nz
17-21 Whitmore Street,
Wellington, New Zealand
Tel: (64 4) 473 6099
Fax: (64 4) 473 7370

Postal address
PO Box 2218
Whitmore Street
Wellington, New Zealand


New Zealand Overseas Investment Commission – www.oic.govt.nz
PO Box 2498
Wellington, New Zealand
Tel: (64 4) 471 3838
Fax: (64 4) 471 3655

Financial

ANZ Banking Group – www.anz.co.nz 
ASB Bank – www.asbbank.co.nz 
Bank of New Zealand – www.bnz.co.nz 
The National Bank of NZ – www.nationalbank.co.nz 
WestpacTrust – www.westpac.co.nz
Baycorp ­– www.baycorp.co.nz 
Dun and Bradstreet – www.dnb.co.nz/default.htm
IT Investment Network – www.itinvestment.co.nz

Logistics

Air New Zealand – www.airnz.co.nz
Qantas (in NZ) – www.qantas.com.au/regions/dyn/home/qualifier-region-nz
Rail and Ferry Travel – www.interislander.co.nz
Rail and Ferry Freight – www.interislanderbookings.co.nz/freight/default.asp

Service providers

Tenderlink – www.tenderlink.com
NZ Telecom Yellow pages – www.yellowpages.co.nz

Media

Stuff – www.stuff.co.nz
The National Business Review – www.nbr.co.nz
The New Zealand Herald – www.nzherald.co.nz
The Dominion Post – www.dompost.co.nz
The Press – www.thepress.co.nz
Scoop – www.scoop.co.nz
Otago Daily Times – www.odt.co.nz
Xtarmsn – www.xtramsn.co.nz

Australian resources

Australian High Commission – www.australia.org.nz
72-78 Hobson Street
Thorndon
Wellington, New Zealand
Tel: (64 9) 473 6411
Fax: (64 9) 498 7118


New Zealand Consulate-General – www.nzembassy.com
Level 10, 55 Hunter Street,
Sydney NSW 2000
Tel: (61 2) 9238 0280
Fax: (61 2) 9238 0182


Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade – www.dfat.gov.au/geo/new_zealand/index.html

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Contact details

The Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is the Australian Government’s trade and investment development agency, operating as a statutory agency within the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio.

Austrade assists Australian businesses contribute to national prosperity by succeeding in trade and investment, internationally, and promoting and supporting productive foreign investment into Australia.

Austrade:

  • Delivers services that assist Australian businesses initiate, sustain and grow trade and outward investment.
  • Promotes Australia as an inward investment destination and, with the States and Territories, supports the inflow of productive foreign direct investment.
  • Administers the Export Market Development Grants scheme.
  • Undertakes initiatives designed to improve community awareness of, and commitment to, international trade and investment.
  • Provides advice to the Australian Government on its trade and investment development activities.
  • Delivers consular, passport and other government services in designated overseas locations.

A list of Austrade offices (in alphabetical order of country) is available.

More information

For further information please contact Austrade on 13 28 78 or email info@austrade.gov.au

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